The primary role of a permit to work system is to improve the safety of maintenance activities in hazardous production environments. It does so by ensuring that work is properly authorised, and that hazards are identified and controlled.
Many organisations have recognised the significant benefits of investing in computerised permit to work systems: a greater degree of control over the process of securing a safe working environment, improved accuracy in identifying potential hazards, and an independent audit trail.
While the basic principles are well established, it is similarly widely recognised that the permit to work process represents a critical interface between people, complex plant and other management systems. The need for an integrated approach is most acute while preparing for and during large maintenance shutdowns. In the course of shutdowns risks are elevated with many tasks occurring simultaneously, large groups of contractors on site and the opportunity cost of lost production means that there is intense pressure on all parties to ensure that the shutdown is completed on time.
Let’s explore some of the connections between the permit to work system and wider management systems.
Work Order Management
The correlation between work orders and permits to work is clear. By making work order information available when requesting permits, time to generate the documentation is reduced, the equipment to be worked on is accurately identified and the required isolation points pinpointed.
Shutdown Planning
Effective maintenance planning for shutdowns requires proper consideration of many constraints: tool time to complete the work; readiness of hired equipment such as mobile cranes; dependencies between jobs; and availability of supervisors and work crews with scarce skills and so on. Equally, the plan needs to take account of the time to rundown equipment to remove material from the process prior to maintenance, as well as time to isolate, make safe and lockout all energy sources. Likewise, once the shutdown is complete, the plan for re-commissioning needs to consider time for inspection, de-isolation and testing.
With automated reports that pull together records from the real-time data acquisition systems for key plant systems, and aligning this with the detailed audit trail of permit signatures from Adapt IT’s electronic permit to work tool, IntelliPERMIT. Maintenance planners are provided with a far more accurate picture of where the actual time to perform the shutdown was at significant variance from the planned times for rundown, isolation, job execution and re-commissioning. These detailed shutdown records for equipment are an important resource for planning of future shutdowns. (It is worth noting that our repeated experience has shown that tracking the tool time through the permit audit trail provides far more accurate data than is typically recorded when signing off job cards at the end of shift.) Furthermore, an accurate record of isolation and de-solation time is important for motivating for the installation of more efficient isolation and lockout mechanisms.
Condition-based Risk Assessment
In a recent project at a gold mine in Western Australia, use of data available from the plant control systems was taken a step further. A model for mill-liner wear rates was developed based on mill throughput and running hours. The information generated from the model is now used to drive business rules implemented through the permit to work system: when are additional inspections required prior to confined space work planned for these mills; who is competent to perform these inspections; under what conditions may work proceed? The extensible rules engine in IntelliPERMIT means that this principle can be extended to similar systems where process data is available and risks of injury are high.
It is important to understand that such a predictive model is not a substitute for effective lockout procedures. It is designed to arm isolation coordinators and maintenance personnel with as much information as possible prior to entry into a potentially hazardous environment.
Access Control
Physical access control systems are ubiquitous in industrial environments. These systems were initially designed to secure a company’s physical assets and monitor workforce attendance. However, integration with the permit to work system unlocks further value from these systems.
A common complaint is that workers leave site without having signed off their permit or removed their personal danger locks. In linking the computerised permit system with the site access turnstiles, security personnel and workers are alerted if one of their permits is still outstanding when the person attempts to leave site. This relatively simple expedient is highly effective in ensuring that disciple is maintained and that unnecessary production delays are not incurred while waiting for locks to be removed for work that is long since complete.
Identity and Competency
It is particularly challenging to track large numbers of maintenance personnel during intense shutdown periods. There is a significant risk that personal present themselves for work without the necessary credentials – possibly resulting in work being performed without proper authorisation or by persons that are not competent.
Adapt IT’s IntelliPERMIT software provides several options for identification of permit signatories: using their Active Directory account; biometric identification using fingerprint scanners; or by swiping their access card. Regardless of the method of identification, once the individual has been identified their competencies are checked against the specific requirements of job. Competency records may be sourced from existing data stored in Learning Management Systems: ensuring that the single version of the truth about what a person has been trained and authorised to do likewise becomes subject to active checking in the permit to work system.
Consolidation and Visibility
Finally, the data consolidated in IntelliPERMIT is automatically reported through to operator logbooks and shutdown reports. The visibility of work in progress and completed is significantly improved. Isolation coordinators are alerted when all of the permits utilising a set of isolations under the control of a lockbox/key safe are complete, so that the process of de-isolation can start without delay.
In drawing together data from multiple systems and incorporating this into the controls implemented by the computerised permit system we see the overall utility of all of the systems increasing. In a modest way, we see Metcalfe’s Law at work here: the value of a network is proportional to the square of the number of nodes in the network. Tasks being managed through the permit to work process are the basic units of organisation during a shutdown. This is the most common process through which a company’s safety policies and procedures get implemented. By leveraging information from work order planning, learning management, identity management and plant data acquisition systems with the permit to work system, the value of the overall management system is significantly enriched.
Adapt IT
Adapt IT has more than 420 employees operating out of business divisions in Durban, Johannesburg, Pretoria and Cape Town, and is led by a core team of executives. Adapt IT provides a variety of specialised turnkey IT solutions and services to the education, mining and manufacturing, energy and financial services sectors. Adapt IT has more than 320 customers in South Africa, East Africa, Asia, Australasia, United States and Europe, and its services and solutions span the complete IT life cycle, from consulting and application design, through to delivery and support.
